I'm pleased to report something has changed on the backup situation. Using separate web/mail servers, and a backup server with separate block device formatted as btrfs.
Until now, all backups looked like this:
.......
19M /backups/8f32337b-7947-4ade-a50f-6d793462ec3b/snapshot-1740073637825
6.2G /backups/8f32337b-7947-4ade-a50f-6d793462ec3b/snapshot-1740085509859
19M /backups/8f32337b-7947-4ade-a50f-6d793462ec3b/snapshot-1740095359330
6.2G /backups/8f32337b-7947-4ade-a50f-6d793462ec3b/snapshot-1740096348260
137G /backups/8f32337b-7947-4ade-a50f-6d793462ec3b
After 12.0.18 update and running a manual backup it looks like this:
.......
19M /backups/8f32337b-7947-4ade-a50f-6d793462ec3b/snapshot-1740073637825
6.2G /backups/8f32337b-7947-4ade-a50f-6d793462ec3b/snapshot-1740085509859
19M /backups/8f32337b-7947-4ade-a50f-6d793462ec3b/snapshot-1740095359330
6.2G /backups/8f32337b-7947-4ade-a50f-6d793462ec3b/snapshot-1740096348260
22M /backups/8f32337b-7947-4ade-a50f-6d793462ec3b/snapshot-1740096827361
19M /backups/8f32337b-7947-4ade-a50f-6d793462ec3b/snapshot-1740096837628
137G /backups/8f32337b-7947-4ade-a50f-6d793462ec3b
The Control Panel interface is showing the full backup size for the manual one, so it seems de-duplication is now working for this setup. Now let's see if the total disk usage goes down today as large backups exceeding the retention period drop off.