the part in the php block is separate, that provides a default value for the cache lifetime of an object if any of
X-Accel-Expires/Expires/Cache-Control are not specified for it.
fastcgi_cache_path ... inactive= is used to define how long objects should be kept in the cache without access from a browser.
with fastcgi_cache_valid 30m and fastcgi_cache_path ... inactive=60m all replies from the server without any Cache-control headers will be valid for 30 minutes, but can still be used after 30 minutes if there are problems with the server if fastcgi_cache_use_stale is configured.
But the cached object will be removed from the cache if there has been no request for that object from users for 60 minutes.
and if the vhost config file is made immutable, the system cannot overwrite it with a new one, regardless of any stored settings. i'm not sure how the system will react to the failure to overwrite the existing file.